Behavioural weight control -
Mangione, MD, MSPH; Maureen G. Phipps, MD, MPH; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE; John B. Wong, MD. Effect of Behavioral Therapy With In-Clinic or Telephone Group Visits vs In-Clinic Individual Visits on Weight Loss in Obesity.
Christie A. Befort, PhD; Jeffrey J. VanWormer, PhD; Cyrus Desouza, MD; Edward F. Ellerbeck, MD; Byron Gajewski, PhD; Kim S. Kimminau, PhD; K. Allen Greiner, MD; Michael G. Perri, PhD; Alexandra R. Brown, MS; Ram D. Pathak, MD; Terry T.
Huang, PhD; Leslie Eiland, MD; Andjela Drincic, MD. The Obesity Problem. What Are Behavioral Interventions for Weight Loss? The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA.
The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis. For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician.
This page may be photocopied noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients. Back to top Article Information. See More About Lifestyle Behaviors Patient Information Diet JAMA Patient Information Obesity Guidelines Physical Activity United States Preventive Services Task Force.
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Body mass index BMI is a number based on both your height and weight and can help determine the degree to which a person is overweight. Learn more. To be eligible for bariatric surgery, you must weigh less than lbs.
because that's the max weight that hospital X-ray equipment can accommodate. Since food equals calories, in order to lose weight you must either eat fewer calories, exercise more to burn off calories with activity, or both. Patient Education. Related Conditions.
Control Your Home Environment Eat only while sitting down at the kitchen or dining room table. Do not eat while watching television, reading, cooking, talking on the phone, standing at the refrigerator or working on the computer. Keep tempting foods out of the house — don't buy them.
Keep tempting foods out of sight. Have low-calorie foods ready to eat. Unless you are preparing a meal, stay out of the kitchen.
Have healthy snacks at your disposal, such as small pieces of fruit, vegetables, canned fruit, pretzels, low-fat string cheese and nonfat cottage cheese. Control Your Work Environment Do not eat at your desk or keep tempting snacks at your desk. If you get hungry between meals, plan healthy snacks and bring them with you to work.
During your breaks, go for a walk instead of eating. If you work around food, plan in advance the one item you will eat at mealtime. Make it inconvenient to nibble on food by chewing gum, sugarless candy or drinking water or another low-calorie beverage.
Do not work through meals. Skipping meals slows down metabolism and may result in overeating at the next meal. If food is available for special occasions, either pick the healthiest item, nibble on low-fat snacks brought from home, don't have anything offered, choose one option and have a small amount, or have only a beverage.
Continue reading Control Your Mealtime Environment Serve your plate of food at the stove or kitchen counter. Do not put the serving dishes on the table. If you do put dishes on the table, remove them immediately when finished eating.
Fill half of your plate with vegetables, a quarter with lean protein and a quarter with starch. Use smaller plates, bowls and glasses. A smaller portion will look large when it is in a little dish. Politely refuse second helpings. Daily Food Management Replace eating with another activity that you will not associate with food.
Wait 20 minutes before eating something you are craving. Drink a large glass of water or diet soda before eating. Always have a big glass or bottle of water to drink throughout the day. Avoid high-calorie add-ons such as cream with your coffee, butter, mayonnaise and salad dressings.
Shopping Do not shop when hungry or tired. Shop from a list and avoid buying anything that is not on your list. If you must have tempting foods, buy individual-sized packages and try to find a lower-calorie alternative.
Don't taste test in the store. Read food labels. Compare products to help you make the healthiest choices. Int J Eat Disord. Johnson F , Pratt M , Wardle J. Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior.
Int J Obes Lond. Wing RR , Papandonatos G , Fava JL , et al. Maintaining large weight losses: The role of behavioral and psychological factors. J Consult Clin Psychol. Vogels N , Diepvens K , Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Predictors of long-term weight maintenance.
Obes Res. Thomas JG , Bond DS , Phelan S , Hill JO , Wing RR. Weight-loss maintenance for 10 years in the National Weight Control Registry. Am J Prev Med. Teixeira PJ , Carraça EV , Marques MM , et al.
Successful behavior change in obesity interventions in adults: A systematic review of self-regulation mediators. BMC Med. Teixeira PJ , Silva MN , Coutinho SR , et al. JaKa MM , Sherwood NE , Flatt SW , et al. Mediation of weight loss and weight loss maintenance through dietary disinhibition and restraint.
J Obes Weight Loss Ther. Orbell S , Verplanken B. The strength of habit. Health Psychol Rev. Wood W , Neal DT. The habitual consumer. J Consum Psychol. The automatic component of habit in health behavior: Habit as cue-contingent automaticity.
Health Psychol. de Bruijn GJ. Integrating habit strength in the theory of planned behaviour. Verhoeven AA , Adriaanse MA , Evers C , de Ridder DT. The power of habits: Unhealthy snacking behaviour is primarily predicted by habit strength.
Br J Health Psychol. Lally P , Chipperfield A , Wardle J. Healthy habits: Efficacy of simple advice on weight control based on a habit-formation model. Simpson SA , McNamara R , Shaw C , et al. A feasibility randomised controlled trial of a motivational interviewing-based intervention for weight loss maintenance in adults.
Beeken RJ , Leurent B , Vickerstaff V , et al. A brief intervention for weight control based on habit-formation theory delivered through primary care: Results from a randomised controlled trial.
Kliemann N , Vickerstaff V , Croker H , Johnson F , Nazareth I , Beeken RJ. The role of self-regulatory skills and automaticity on the effectiveness of a brief weight loss habit-based intervention: Secondary analysis of the 10 top tips randomised trial.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. Teixeira PJ , Silva MN , Mata J , Palmeira AL , Markland D. Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control. Hagger MS , Hardcastle SJ , Chater A , Mallett C , Pal S , Chatzisarantis NL.
Autonomous and controlled motivational regulations for multiple health-related behaviors: Between- and within-participants analyses.
Health Psychol Behav Med. Hagger MS , Wood C , Stiff C , Chatzisarantis NL. The strength model of self-regulation failure and health-related behaviour. Webber KH , Tate DF , Ward DS , Bowling JM. Motivation and its relationship to adherence to self-monitoring and weight loss in a week Internet behavioral weight loss intervention.
J Nutr Educ Behav. Teixeira PJ , Going SB , Houtkooper LB , et al. Exercise motivation, eating, and body image variables as predictors of weight control. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Silva MN , Markland D , Carraça EV , et al. Exercise autonomous motivation predicts 3-yr weight loss in women.
Reed JR , Yates BC , Houfek J , Briner W , Schmid KK , Pullen CH. Motivational factors predict weight loss in rural adults. Public Health Nurs. Silva MN , Vieira PN , Coutinho SR , et al.
Using self-determination theory to promote physical activity and weight control: A randomized controlled trial in women. J Behav Med. Higher-Order Growth Curves and Mixture Modeling With Mplus: A Practical Guide. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge ; Google Preview. Ahern AL , Wheeler GM , Aveyard P , et al.
Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care WRAP : A randomised controlled trial. Jolly K , Daley A , Adab P , et al. A randomised controlled trial to compare a range of commercial or primary care led weight reduction programmes with a minimal intervention control for weight loss in obesity: The lighten up trial.
BMC Public Health. Michie S , Ashford S , Sniehotta FF , Dombrowski SU , Bishop A , French DP. A refined taxonomy of behaviour change techniques to help people change their physical activity and healthy eating behaviours: The CALO-RE taxonomy.
Psychol Health. Obes Rev. Public Health England. Uptake and retention in group-based weight-management services: Literature review and behavioural analysis.
Accessibility verified February 13, Ahern AL , Aveyard PN , Halford JC , et al. Weight loss referrals for adults in primary care WRAP : Protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of primary care referral to a commercial weight loss provider for 12 weeks, referral for 52 weeks, and a brief self-help intervention [ISRCTN].
Stunkard AJ , Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res.
Williamson DA , Martin CK , York-Crowe E , et al. Measurement of dietary restraint: Validity tests of four questionnaires. McGuire MT , Jeffery RW , French SA , Hannan PJ. The relationship between restraint and weight and weight-related behaviors among individuals in a community weight gain prevention trial.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Verplanken B , Orbell S. J Appl Soc Psychol. Levesque CS , Williams GC , Elliot D , Pickering MA , Bodenhamer B , Finley PJ. Validating the theoretical structure of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire TSRQ across three different health behaviors.
Health Educ Res. Preacher KJ , Wichman AL , MacCallum RC , Briggs NE. Latent Growth Curve Modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage ; Tyrrell J , Jones SE , Beaumont R , et al.
Height, body mass index, and socioeconomic status: Mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank. Predictors of dropout in weight loss interventions: A systematic review of the literature. Buuren SV , Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R.
J Stat Softw. Connell LE , Carey RN , de Bruin M , et al. Links between behavior change techniques and mechanisms of action: An expert consensus study. Carey RN , Connell LE , Johnston M , et al.
Behavior change techniques and their mechanisms of action: A synthesis of links described in published intervention literature. Ouellette JA , Wood W. Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior.
Psychol Bull. Coulson NS , Ferguson MA , Henshaw H , Heffernan E. Applying theories of health behaviour and change to hearing health research: Time for a new approach. Int J Audiol. Hagger MS. Non-conscious processes and dual-process theories in health psychology. Kahneman D.
Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York City, NY: Macmillan ; Ahern AL , Boyland EJ , Jebb SA , Cohn SR. Ann Fam Med. Ng JY , Ntoumanis N , Thøgersen-Ntoumani C , et al.
Self-determination theory applied to health cntexts: A meta-analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci. Kwasnicka D , Dombrowski SU , White M , Sniehotta F.
Theoretical explanations for maintenance of behaviour change: A systematic review of behaviour theories. Hagger MS , Chatzisarantis NLD. Self-determination theory.
In: Conner M , Norman P , eds. Predicting Health Behaviour. London, UK : McGraw-Hill Education ; ; — Jakobsen JC , Gluud C , Wetterslev J , Winkel P. When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials—A practical guide with flowcharts.
BMC Med Res Methodol. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Navbar Search Filter Annals of Behavioral Medicine This issue SBM Journals Health Psychology Medicine and Health Books Journals Oxford Academic Mobile Enter search term Search.
SBM Journals. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Compliance With Ethical Standards. Journal Article. Mechanisms of Action in a Behavioral Weight-Management Program: Latent Growth Curve Analysis.
Sarah Bates, BSc, MSc , Sarah Bates, BSc, MSc. School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield. Sarah Bates sebates1 sheffield. Oxford Academic.
Paul Norman, BSc, PhD, CPsychol. Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield. Penny Breeze, BA, PhD. Alan Brennan, BSc, MSc, PhD. Amy L Ahern, BSc, MSc, PhD. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge.
A greater understanding of the Behafioural of action of weight-management High blood sugar is needed to inform the design of effective interventions. To investigate weiight Behavioural weight control restraint, habit strength, Behavioural weight control diet self-regulation mediated the controol of a behavioral weight-management intervention on weight Bheavioural and weight loss maintenance. LGCA estimated the trajectory Behaviural Behavioural weight control variables over four time Anti-angiogenesis approaches in medicine baseline and 3, 12 and 24 months to assess whether potential mechanisms of action mediated the impact of the weight-management program on BMI. Participants randomized to the 12 and 52 week programs had a significantly greater decrease in BMI than the brief intervention. This direct effect became nonsignificant when dietary restraint, habit strength, and autonomous diet self-regulation were controlled for. Only the individual indirect effect for dietary restraint was significant for the 12 week intervention, whereas all three indirect effects were significant for the 52 week intervention. Behavior change techniques that target dietary restraint, habit strength, and autonomous diet self-regulation should be considered when designing weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions. New contgol shows little risk of infection weighh prostate biopsies. Discrimination at work cntrol linked Behaviourzl high High blood sugar pressure. Icy Lean protein sources and toes: Poor circulation or Raynaud's phenomenon? The US Preventive Services Task Force USPSTF is a team of volunteer experts from various primary care medicine and nursing fields. They identify big medical problems, review the research, and translate it into action plans called practice recommendations for doctors like me.Behavioural weight control -
Don't snack while cooking meals. Eating Eat slowly. Remember it takes about 20 minutes for your stomach to send a message to your brain that it is full. Don't let fake hunger make you think you need more. The ideal way to eat is to take a bite, put your utensil down, take a sip of water, cut your next bite, take a bit, put your utensil down and so on.
Do not cut your food all at one time. Cut only as needed. Take small bites and chew your food well. Stop eating for a minute or two at least once during a meal or snack. Take breaks to reflect and have conversation.
Cleanup and Leftovers Label leftovers for a specific meal or snack. Freeze or refrigerate individual portions of leftovers. Do not clean up if you are still hungry. Eating Out and Social Eating Do not arrive hungry. Eat something light before the meal.
Try to fill up on low-calorie foods, such as vegetables and fruit, and eat smaller portions of the high-calorie foods. Eat foods that you like, but choose small portions. If you want seconds, wait at least 20 minutes after you have eaten to see if you are actually hungry or if your eyes are bigger than your stomach.
Limit alcoholic beverages. Try a soda water with a twist of lime. Do not skip other meals in the day to save room for the special event. At Restaurants Order à la carte rather than buffet style. Order some vegetables or a salad for an appetizer instead of eating bread.
If you order a high-calorie dish, share it with someone. Try an after-dinner mint with your coffee. If you do have dessert, share it with two or more people. Don't overeat because you do not want to waste food. Ask for a doggie bag to take extra food home.
Tell the server to put half of your entree in a to go bag before the meal is served to you. Ask for salad dressing, gravy or high-fat sauces on the side. Dip the tip of your fork in the dressing before each bite. If bread is served, ask for only one piece.
Try it plain without butter or oil. At Italian restaurants where oil and vinegar is served with bread, use only a small amount of oil and a lot of vinegar for dipping.
At a Friend's House Offer to bring a dish, appetizer or dessert that is low in calories. Serve yourself small portions or tell the host that you only want a small amount. Stand or sit away from the snack table. Stay away from the kitchen or stay busy if you are near the food.
Limit your alcohol intake. Use a salad plate instead of a dinner plate. After eating, clear away your dishes before having coffee or tea.
Krist, MD, MPH; Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS; Michael J. Barry, MD; Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH; John W. Epling Jr, MD, MSEd; David C. Grossman, MD, MPH; Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS; Martha Kubik, PhD, RN; C. Seth Landefeld, MD; Carol M.
Mangione, MD, MSPH; Maureen G. Phipps, MD, MPH; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE; John B. Wong, MD. Effect of Behavioral Therapy With In-Clinic or Telephone Group Visits vs In-Clinic Individual Visits on Weight Loss in Obesity.
Christie A. Befort, PhD; Jeffrey J. VanWormer, PhD; Cyrus Desouza, MD; Edward F. Ellerbeck, MD; Byron Gajewski, PhD; Kim S. Kimminau, PhD; K. Allen Greiner, MD; Michael G. Perri, PhD; Alexandra R. Brown, MS; Ram D. Pathak, MD; Terry T. Huang, PhD; Leslie Eiland, MD; Andjela Drincic, MD.
The Obesity Problem. What Are Behavioral Interventions for Weight Loss? The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA.
The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis. For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician.
This page may be photocopied noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients.
Back to top Article Information. See More About Lifestyle Behaviors Patient Information Diet JAMA Patient Information Obesity Guidelines Physical Activity United States Preventive Services Task Force.
Pharmacotherapy-based weight loss maintenance trials did not report any health outcomes. However, these trials were limited by high dropout rates. The USPSTF looked for evidence on potential harms of behavioral weight-loss interventions, including increased risk for fractures, serious injuries resulting from increased physical activity, and an increased risk for eating disorders, weight stigma, and weight fluctuation.
Fifteen trials were good quality and 15 trials were fair quality. Intervention harms were sparsely reported. Overall, the trials showed no serious harms, and most trials observed no difference in the rate of adverse events between intervention and control groups.
Three trials demonstrated mixed results for musculoskeletal problems. Pharmacological agents for weight loss have multiple potential harms, including anxiety, pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal symptoms with liraglutide; dizziness and cognitive impairment with lorcaserin; nausea, constipation, headache, and dry mouth with naltrexone and bupropion; cramps, flatus, fecal incontinence, and oily spotting with orlistat; and mood disorders, elevated heart rate, and metabolic acidosis with phentermine-topiramate.
These harms have not been well studied. Serious adverse events were uncommon and similar between groups. The higher rate of adverse events in the medication groups resulted in higher dropout rates than in the placebo groups.
The USPSTF found adequate evidence that intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions in adults with obesity can lead to clinically significant improvements in weight status and reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults with obesity and elevated plasma glucose levels; these interventions are of moderate benefit.
Quiz Ref ID The USPSTF found adequate evidence that the harms of intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions including weight loss maintenance interventions in adults with obesity are small to none. Various environmental and genetic factors play an important role in the development of obesity.
As a result, weight loss can be challenging. Weight declines after the sixth decade of life. Losing weight may reduce the risk for illness and mortality and improve overall health. A draft version of this recommendation statement was posted for public comment on the USPSTF website from February 20 to March 19, In response to comments, the USPSTF expanded the description of behavioral counseling interventions in the Clinical Considerations section.
In the Discussion section, the USPSTF clarified why persons who are overweight were not included in the recommendation statement, expanded the description on harms of behavioral counseling interventions and pharmacotherapy, and added the limitations of pharmacotherapy trials.
This recommendation updates the USPSTF recommendation statement on screening for obesity in adults B recommendation. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care recommends screening for obesity in adults with BMI at primary care visits.
Corresponding Author: Susan J. Curry, PhD, The University of Iowa, Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA chair uspstf. The US Preventive Services Task Force USPSTF members: Susan J. Curry, PhD; Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH; Douglas K.
Owens, MD, MS; Michael J. Barry, MD; Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH; John W. Epling Jr, MD, MSEd; David C. Grossman, MD, MPH; Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS; Martha Kubik, PhD, RN; C. Seth Landefeld, MD; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Maureen G.
Phipps, MD, MPH; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE; John B. Wong, MD. Author Contributions: Dr Curry had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
The USPSTF members contributed equally to the recommendation statement. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.
All members of the USPSTF receive travel reimbursement and an honorarium for participating in USPSTF meetings. No other disclosures were reported. The US Congress mandates that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ support the operations of the USPSTF.
AHRQ staff had no role in the approval of the final recommendation statement or the decision to submit for publication. Disclaimer: Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the US government.
They should not be construed as an official position of AHRQ or the US Department of Health and Human Services. Additional Contributions: We thank Iris Mabry-Hernandez, MD, MPH AHRQ , who contributed to the writing of the manuscript, and Lisa Nicolella, MA AHRQ , who assisted with coordination and editing.
full text icon Full Text. Download PDF Top of Article Abstract Introduction Summary of Recommendation and Evidence Rationale USPSTF Assessment Clinical Considerations Other Considerations Discussion Update of Previous USPSTF Recommendation Recommendations of Others Article Information References.
Figure 1. USPSTF Grades and Levels of Evidence. View Large Download. USPSTF indicates US Preventive Services Task Force. Figure 2. Clinical Summary: Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults.
a Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Summary of Related USPSTF Recommendations. Audio Author Interview USPSTF Recommendation: Behavioral Interventions to Prevent Adult Obesity-Related Outcomes.
Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force: Evidence Synthesis No. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; AHRQ publication EF Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Flegal KM.
Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, NCHS Data Brief. PubMed Google Scholar. Bogers RP, Bemelmans WJ, Hoogenveen RT, et al; BMI-CHD Collaboration Investigators.
Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than persons. Arch Intern Med. doi: Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A, Manson JE.
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j PubMed Google Scholar Crossref. Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, et al; GBD Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Borrell LN, Samuel L. Body mass index categories and mortality risk in US adults: the effect of overweight and obesity on advancing death. Am J Public Health. Dobbins M, Decorby K, Choi BC.
The association between obesity and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies from to ISRN Prev Med. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies.
Siu AL; U S Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus: U. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Siu AL; U. Preventive Services Task Force.
Screening for high blood pressure in adults: U. Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al; US Preventive Services Task Force.
Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.
Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women: U. Bibbins-Domingo K; U. Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: U.
LeFevre ML; U. Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: U.
The Bshavioural recommends that clinicians weiht or refer adults High blood sugar a body Herbal energy stimulant tablets index BMI of 30 High blood sugar higher calculated as weight High blood sugar kilograms divided by height in meters squared to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions Table 1. Behaviourwl recommendation. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that behavior-based weight loss interventions in adults with obesity can lead to clinically significant improvements in weight status and reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults with obesity and elevated plasma glucose levels. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that behavior-based weight loss maintenance interventions are associated with less weight gain after the cessation of interventions, compared with control groups. The magnitude of these benefits is moderate.
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